A dust storm that blanketed seven nations in the middle east in late summer 2015 was caused by climate factors and unusual weather, not human conflict in syria, concluded researchers including elie bouzeid, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at princeton. The analysis of the modis satellite images shows that the dust storms from the tigris. Dust storms are a serious problem in most parts of iran, an arid country that employs some outdated agricultural practices. Dust storms arise when a gust front or other strong wind blows loose sand and dirt from a dry surface. The dust storm that enveloped baghdad for three days was not unusual. The climatic elements with the dust storms types were studied.
Jul 05, 2009 this file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Irans dust storms, particulates sources the media express. You can receive climatologically data from the 14th weather squadron, formally known as the air force combat climatology center. Dust storms in iran, northeastern iraq and syria, the persian gulf and southern arabian peninsula are more frequent in summer. The events of sand and dust storms are either regional or local.
Remote sensing and gis for dust storm studies in iraq. The rest of 48 dust storms were just spread over iraq and a smaller part of iran. Sand and dust storm trajectories from iraq mesopotamian flood. Areas that are prone to dust storms can also prevent people from using certain equipment. The time between june 29 to july 8, 2009 is considered one of the worst dust storm periods of all times and many iraq is suffered medical problems as a result. Article information, pdf download for the impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing. The main objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of dust storms to pm10 concentrations in a desert urban center, the city of beersheva. The impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing drought areas in. Iran, iraq to set up center to counter dust storms.
Estimating pm10 concentrations from dust storms in iraq. Dust storm simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In this study nineveh province was selected as the study area to investigate the relationship between the increase in such storms and drought expansion. Climate change impacts in the form of loss of cultivable land to desertification, recurrent droughts and dust storms, and declining agriculture may have affected iraq s fragile environment adamo et al. Kuwaits meteorological data has shown increasing trends for dust storms, rising dust, and suspended dust since 1992 onward. Although kuwait is greatly impacted by sand and dust storms sds from southern iraq, to date little is known about. Extra time cleaning and protecting equipment is necessary. Surface roughness in turn was correlated with geomorphology or soil properties for kuwait, iraq, part of syria, saudi arabia, the. Dust storm, geological map, dust material, susceptible land, wind erosion, rainfall, iran, iraq, 1. Economic impact and risk assessment of sand and dust storms. Dust storms happen when a strong wind front blows loose sand and dust from a dry surface. Impacts of climate and synoptic fluctuations on dust storm. The airs dust score ocean, day night layer indicates the level of atmospheric aerosols in the earths atmosphere over the ocean.
This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Contribution of dust storms to pm10 levels in an urban arid. Dust storms can suspend large quantities of sand and cause haze in the boundary layer over local and regional scales. Navys coupled oceanatmospheric mesoscale prediction system coamps with an inline dust aerosol model was conducted for operation iraqi freedom oif in march and april 2003. The ministry of environment, in iraq recorded 122 dust storms and 283 dusty days, and sources suggest that within the next ten years iraq could witness 300 dusty days and dust storms per year 1. However, as discussed, the main reasons that led to the worst dust storms that swept over iraq in july specifically in summer 2009 were lack of rain, high temperature in the neighboring countries and mismanagement of water and lack of irrigation of agricultural lands. The aim of this study is to discuss the types of sand and dust storms in iraq, their regional and local exten figure 1. The storm system, a large severe cyclone, formed over the nile delta and around on 12 march 2020 and over the next days moved northeast over the middle east. Thick white dust blows southeastward over southern iraq and kuwait. Dust storms are one of the significant phenomena in the desert areas of the world.
They are sometimes called the dragon or the dragon storms arabic. A dust storm, or sandstorm, is a storm of small particles of sand and dirt. I took the video, composed and performed the soundtrack with instruments such as. Sand and dust storms sds appears to be growing in number and severity in iran over the past several decades. Sand and dust storm trajectories from iraq mesopotamian. The former, however, is more frequent than the latter. The numerical scale is a qualitative representation of the presence of dust in the atmosphere, an indication of where large dust storms may form and the areas that may be affected. Feb 10, 2020 the airs dust score ocean, day night layer indicates the level of atmospheric aerosols in the earths atmosphere over the ocean. Jul 02, 2016 sand and dust storms sds appears to be growing in number and severity in iran over the past several decades. The main causes in the development of sand and dust storms, in iraq are discussed. Analysis of synoptic situation for dust storms in iraq. Dust storms in 2012 exist over the total area of iraq syria and saudi arabia deserts, while in 2014, dust storms are limited to the eastern part of the arabian peninsula. The mediterranean ocean lies to the west, a source of moisture and moderate temperatures. Here we study the relation between drought events in iraq and dust storms in swi between.
Iraq is one of the most affected countries in the middle east concerning the occurrences of sand and dust storms. It is internationally agreed that days with visibility below metres due to dust present in the air are a result of strong winds. Iraqi and syrian deserts comprised 40% of pm in tehran during the dust episodes. Jun 24, 2016 dust storms are caused by extreme drought, overgrazing of pastures, cutting down of trees and shrubs, and improper agricultural practices. To the south of iraq is the great arabian desert, a source of heat and dust.
The dust storms that blow over iraq were studied from december 2008 to march 2009. Suspended dust was sustained for two days following the severe dust storms. A dust storm, also called sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semiarid regions. Contribution of iraqi and syrian dust storms on particulate matter concentration during a dust storm. Understanding the genesis of the dust storms is critical to mitigation efforts.
In general, the numerical model guidance correctly predicted the location and onset of the dust storms. Central iraq to witness dust storms, sunday iraqi news. According to many local and international reports, the risk of dust and sandstorms has increased significantly in iraq, creating serious environmental and social problems. Dust and sandstorms have been a wellknown weather phenomenon since ancient times. Baghdad lies in the center of iraq along the tigris river. Dust storm, deposition quantity, particle size, dust storm frequency, climate elements, satellite images. It is seen that dust storms could occur any time in the year in iraq but most likely during the months of march to june. It piles up quickly on everything in sight, and it can even have an effect on daytoday operations. In iraq, the ministry of environment recorded 122 dust. The dirt behind iraqs dust storms article the united. Pdf sand and dust storm events in iraq researchgate. Dust storms are also increasingly occurring in areas where they havent in the past.
Blowing winds are the main factor in moving soil particles 1. Veterans may file a claim for disability compensation for health problems they believe are related to sand, dust and particulate exposure during military service. May 19, 2012 baghdad the general bureau of weather forecast and seismology predicted that the central region of iraq will witness dust storms tomorrow, sunday. Contribution of iraqi and syrian dust storms on particulate matter. Surface roughness in turn was correlated with geomorphology or soil properties for kuwait, iraq, part of syria, saudi arabia, the united arab emirates and oman. Figure 1 shows a histogram of number for storms per month during that period. Proceeding of the 1st conference on dust storms and their environmental effects, 1718 oct. Jun 20, 2014 an enormous dust storm rolled through phoenix in 2011, creating some incredible images across the valley. It appears low pressure at the surface in northern iraq sunday initially kicked off the dust storm. Pdf monitoring dust storms in iraq using satellite data. Column 1 since ancient times dust and sandstorms were a natural phenomenon usually observed in early spring and a wellknown cause of disasters.
Dust storms originated from the north of africa are increasing in the north of saudi and iraq and their developments reach the north of persian gulf and khuzestan province in iran. Particles are picked up and suspended in the air, causing soil erosion where they were. The frequency of the occurrence has increased drastically in the last decade and it is increasing continuously. Dust storms are a significant weather phenomenon in the iraq region in winter and spring. Dust storms in iran, northeastern of iraq and syria, the persian gulf and southern arabian peninsula are more common in summer.
Jan, 2017 a dust storm that blanketed seven nations in the middle east in late summer 2015 was caused by climate factors and unusual weather, not human conflict in syria, concluded researchers including elie bouzeid, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at princeton. Dust storms, one type of dust event, are in most cases the result of turbulent wind miller et al. Dust storms in 2012 exist over the total area of iraqsyria and saudi arabia deserts, while in 2014, dust storms are limited to the eastern part of the arabian peninsula. Although the horrific dust storm that occurred in the first week of july 2009 is considered the worst dust storm in recent history that struck iraq and spread to nearby countries mohammad, 2009. This study analyses the relationship between local climate and the occurrence of dust storms in central iraq, and concludes that dust emission variability is governed primarily by wind speed. Also due to the dust storms in iraq, the dust deposition on the. Although kuwait is greatly impacted by sand and dust storms sds from southern iraq, to date little is known about the. Coamps realtime dust storm forecasting during operation. The average temperatures in iraq range from higher than 48 degree c 120 fahrenheit in july and august to below freezing in january. Camp victory, iraq it gets in the hair, eyes and even the lungs.
A model for the emission of pm10 dust has been constructed using the concept of a threshold friction velocity which is dependent on surface roughness. Tehran and baghdad signed an accord on thursday to set up a joint center to combat dust storms in iraq, less than two months after reaching a verbal agreement. Iraq is one of the countries that is often impacted to a large degree by the. This is largely due to the lack of attention to preservation and protection of the environment, as well as the destruction of renewable natural resources. Drought severity and increased dust storm frequency in the. Some of the dust spilled eastward across the border of iraq into iran, appearing to lap the edges of the rugged mountains. Dust storms damage crops and remove the fertile top soil, which reduces agricultural productivity.
Doctor to release findings on toxic dust from iraq cbs news. Much of iraqs fertile lands have been literally blown away as. May 14, 2017 iran, iraq to set up center to counter dust storms irna iran is going to launch a training center in iraq to educate iraqis on effective ways to address the issue of dust storms and the particle pollution overwhelming the region, says the vicepresident and head of the environment department. Iraq is one of the countries that is often impacted to a large degree by the occurrences of dust storms. This icon serves as a link to download the essential. Download the ios download the android app other related. Synoptic systems, associated with the two categories, are distinguished and the frequency of the patterns is identified.
Doctor to release findings on toxic dust from iraq. Dust storms in the region can be grouped into two main categories, i. Sensors free fulltext monitoring dust storms in iraq. The 2020 middle east storms happened on 12 march 2020 and following days, bringing heavy rain, thunderstorms, floods, and sandstorms, to northern egypt, israel, lebanon, jordan, syria, and iraq. I prefer to call them dust events because when i think of a storm i think of something that lasts only an hour or so where these dust events can last for days. Keywords drought expansion, gis, runoff, dust and sandstorms. Furman 2003 studied the origin and spatiotemporal characteristics of dust storms in the middle east between 1973 and 1993. The impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing drought areas. Fine particles are transported by saltation and suspension, a process that moves soil from one place and deposits it in another. Irna iran is going to launch a training center in iraq to educate iraqis on effective ways to address the issue of dust storms and the particle pollution overwhelming the region, says the vicepresident and head of the environment department. Monitoring dust storms in iraq using satellite data ncbi. The results of dust storms analyses reflect their increase in average.
As kuwait is part of the arabian desert, which is identified as one of the major dust sources, so dust storm occurrence is more frequent especially during summer. Contribution of dust storms to pm10 levels in an urban. Synoptic analysis of dust storms in the middle east. The storm swept southeast through iraq toward the persian gulf lower right, the city of baghdad in the middle of its path. Nov 16, 2004 the dust storm that enveloped baghdad for three days was not unusual. Dust storms are caused by extreme drought, overgrazing of pastures, cutting down of trees and shrubs, and improper agricultural practices. An increase in dust and sand storm frequency has been experienced in iraq over recent times and seems likely to increase further under future climate change. Baghdad the general bureau of weather forecast and seismology predicted that the central region of iraq will witness dust storms tomorrow, sunday. Identification of dust storm sources in iraq using space.
A massive dust storm cloud is close to enveloping a military camp as it rolls over al asad, iraq, just before nightfall on april 27, 2005. Iraq is considered one of the regions most vulnerable countries to climate change and it faces. Although this is usually what most people ask about when you get into discussions of weather in iraq, the real challenge is dust storms. In four of the selected cases, the dust plumes reached the northeastern to eastern part of iran and affected the caspian sea region. The impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing drought. Dust storm phenomena and their environmental impacts in. According to the new york times and the website terradaily, reduced visibility slowed traffic to a crawl among those determined to brave the storm while many commuters stayed home. Approximately 75% of the territory was covered by a dust storm in 5 july 2009 due to strong and dry northwesterly winds. For 68% of the shamal dust storms, a high pressure. Quantitative information on the contribution of dust storms to atmospheric pm10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter. Recently however, the frequency of dss and the damage by them have been increasing. The effect of dust storms on some meteorological elements. Sand and dust storm trajectories from iraq mesopotamian flood plain. The wind drops them in another place where they can form loess, a kind of silt.
312 676 802 1061 235 1248 194 291 1512 1501 669 53 670 945 234 638 1458 1039 804 1093 1291 824 1205 455 488 745 326 233 336 1141 1265 341 750 1444 690 488